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Upload file using multipart/form data from apex salesforce

 Here is solution to upload file in third party system using apex in salesforce.

below is formdata builder apex class which is building required parameters.

public class FormData {
    //  The boundary is alligned so it doesn't produce padding characters when base64 encoded.
    private final static string Boundary = '1ff13444ed8140c7a32fc4e6451aa76d';

    /**
     *  Returns the request's content type for multipart/form-data requests.
     */
    public static string GetContentType() {
        return 'multipart/form-data; charset="UTF-8"; boundary="' + Boundary + '"';
    }

    /**
     *  Pad the value with spaces until the base64 encoding is no longer padded.
     */
    private static string SafelyPad(string value,string valueCrLf64,string lineBreaks) {
        string valueCrLf = '';
        blob valueCrLfBlob = null;

        while (valueCrLf64.endsWith('=')) {
            value += ' ';
            valueCrLf = value + lineBreaks;
            valueCrLfBlob = blob.valueOf(valueCrLf);
            valueCrLf64 = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(valueCrLfBlob);
        }

        return valueCrLf64;
    }

    /**
     *  Write a boundary between parameters to the form's body.
     */
    public static string WriteBoundary() {
        string value = '--' + Boundary + '\r\n';
        blob valueBlob = blob.valueOf(value);

        return EncodingUtil.base64Encode(valueBlob);
    }

    /**
     *  Write a boundary at the end of the form's body.
     */
    public static string WriteBoundary(
        EndingType ending) {
        string value = '';

        if (ending == EndingType.Cr) {
            //  The file's base64 was padded with a single '=',
            //  so it was replaced with '\r'. Now we have to
            //  prepend the boundary with '\n' to complete
            //  the line break.
            value += '\n';
        } else if (ending == EndingType.None) {
            //  The file's base64 was not padded at all,
            //  so we have to prepend the boundary with
            //  '\r\n' to create the line break.
            value += '\r\n';
        }
        //  Else:
        //  The file's base64 was padded with a double '=',
        //  so they were replaced with '\r\n'. We don't have to
        //  do anything to the boundary because there's a complete
        //  line break before it.

        value += '--' + Boundary + '--';

        blob valueBlob = blob.valueOf(value);

        return EncodingUtil.base64Encode(valueBlob);
    }

    /**
     *  Write a key-value pair to the form's body.
     */
    public static string WriteBodyParameter(string key, string value) {
        string contentDisposition = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="' + key + '"';
        
        string contentDispositionCrLf = contentDisposition + '\r\n\r\n';
        
        blob contentDispositionCrLfBlob = blob.valueOf(contentDispositionCrLf);
        
        string contentDispositionCrLf64 = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(contentDispositionCrLfBlob);
        
        string content = SafelyPad(contentDisposition, contentDispositionCrLf64, '\r\n\r\n');
        if(key=='file'){
        system.debug(value);
        }
        string valueCrLf = value + '\r\n';
                
        blob valueCrLfBlob = blob.valueOf(valueCrLf);
        if(key=='file'){
        system.debug(valueCrLfBlob );
        }
        string valueCrLf64 = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(valueCrLfBlob); 
        
        integer file64Length = valueCrLf64 .length();
        String last4Bytes = valueCrLf64 .substring(valueCrLf64 .length()-4,valueCrLf64 .length());        
        
        content += SafelyPad(value, valueCrLf64, '\r\n');
        return content;
    }

    /**
     *  Helper enum indicating how a file's base64 padding was replaced.
     */
    public enum EndingType {
        Cr,
        CrLf,
        None
    }
    
    public static string writeFileBody(String key ,Blob attachBody,string filename)
    {
        String header = '--' + boundary + '\r\n' +
                        + 'Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n'+
                        + 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="'+key+'";filename="' + filename +'"';        
        
        String headerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(header + '\r\n\r\n'));
        while(headerEncoded.endsWith('=')){
            header += ' ';
            headerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(header+'\r\n\r\n'));
        }
        String footer = '--' + boundary + '--';     
        String bodyEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(attachBody);
        return headerEncoded+bodyEncoded;
    }   
     
    /**    
        *this method will work for only parameters in the form data    
     */
    public static string append(string key , string value ){
        string formParam=FormData.WriteBoundary()+WriteBodyParameter(key, value);
        return formParam;
    }
    
    /**    
        *this method will work for file parameters and other params in the form data    
     */
    public static Blob makeBlobWithFile(String key ,Blob attachBody,string filename,string otherParamsEncoded){
        String header = '--' + boundary + '\r\n' +
                        + 'Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n'+
                        + 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="'+key+'";filename="' + filename +'"';        
        
        String headerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(header + '\r\n\r\n'));
        while(headerEncoded.endsWith('=')){
            header += ' ';
            headerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(header+'\r\n\r\n'));
        }
        String footer = '--' + boundary + '--';     
        String bodyEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(attachBody);       
        Blob formBlob = null;    
        String last4Bytes = bodyEncoded .substring(bodyEncoded.length()-4,bodyEncoded.length());
        
        if(last4Bytes.endsWith('==')) {
            last4Bytes = last4Bytes.substring(0,2) + '0K';
            bodyEncoded = bodyEncoded.substring(0,bodyEncoded.length()-4) + last4Bytes;
            String footerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(footer));
             formBlob = EncodingUtil.base64Decode(otherParamsEncoded+headerEncoded+bodyEncoded+footerEncoded);
        
        } else if(last4Bytes.endsWith('=')) {
            last4Bytes = last4Bytes.substring(0,3) + 'N';
            bodyEncoded = bodyEncoded.substring(0,bodyEncoded.length()-4) + last4Bytes;
             footer = '\n' + footer;
            String footerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(footer));
             formBlob = EncodingUtil.base64Decode(otherParamsEncoded+headerEncoded+bodyEncoded+footerEncoded);
        } else {
             footer = '\r\n' + footer;
             String footerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(footer));
             formBlob = EncodingUtil.base64Decode(otherParamsEncoded+headerEncoded+bodyEncoded+footerEncoded);
        }
        
        return formBlob; // returning the form data as a blob 
        
    }
    
    /**    
        *this method will make the blob of the form data if attachments are not required 
     */
    public static Blob makeBlob(string ParamsEncoded){
        
        String footer = '--' + boundary + '--';   
        Blob formBlob = null;    
        
        //footer = '\r\n' + footer;
        String footerEncoded = EncodingUtil.base64Encode(Blob.valueOf(footer));
        formBlob = EncodingUtil.base64Decode(ParamsEncoded+footerEncoded);
        
        return formBlob; // returning the form data as a blob 
        
    }
    
}

here is file upload apex class method. Where we are sending multiple parameters (metadata of document) and file body.

public void uploadFile(){
        string contentType = HttpFormBuilder.GetContentType();
        string form64 = '';
   //adding documents metadata or properties
   
        form64 += FormData.append('key','Value');
        form64 += FormData.append('key','value');
        
//adding documents body with file parameter
        blob formBlob= FormData.makeBlobWithFile('file',attachBody,filename,form64);
        
        string contentLength = string.valueOf(formBlob.size());
         
        HttpRequest httpRequest = new HttpRequest(); 
        httpRequest.setBodyAsBlob(formBlob);
        httpRequest.setHeader('Connection', 'keep-alive');
        httpRequest.setHeader('Content-Length', contentLength);
        httpRequest.setHeader('Content-Type', contentType);
        httpRequest.setMethod('POST');
        httpRequest.setTimeout(120000);        
        httpRequest.setHeader('Accept', 'application/json');
        httpRequest.setHeader('Authorization',' ');
        httpRequest.setEndpoint('END POINT');
        
        Http http = new Http();
        HttpResponse res = http.send(httpRequest);
        
    }

Extract From:- muenzpraeger / salesforce-einstein-vision-apex
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